Ancien regime cobalt glass sugar bowl

[Adam.Jurek04]

Hello! I've recently bought a 18th century sugar bowl and I will be very grateful for any information about its age and manufacturer.
Sugar bowl has 9 unique hallmarks both on body and cover.

Here the photo of sugar bowl:


Here the photo of Manufacturer Mark (letters L and J in first row and M and B in second), Mark of charge? and Jurande letter U (so it can't be Paris as letter U was not used here right?)


There the mark of discharge (tiny so sorry for not providing better photo)


sugar bowl also has 5 newer marks:

1. Départements cock 1809-1818

2. Guaranty medium objects 34 Indre-Chateauroux 1809-1819

3. Socrate 1819-1838

4. Bigorne 1819-1838

5. Hercule with 7, 9 numbers in oval 1819-1838

Please correct me if I identified sth wrong.

I will be also grateful for any information and ideas why on a single item there are so many hallmarks also.
I don't have the access to Tardy so sorry for some stupid questions.
I have also found pretty similar sugar bowl in Metropolitan Museum of Art with identical topping.


Thank You for your help

[blakstone]

The “P” charge mark did not come in to use until July 1784; the “U” here is the Paris jurande (warden’s) mark used July 1783-July 1784. The interlaced L’s is the charge mark here used by fermier Henri Clavel Aug 1782 – Feb 1789 in Paris on small silver and gold items. There should be a decharge mark lurking about somewhere.

The maker’s mark is that of Louis Joseph Milleraud-Bouty (ca. 1733-1812), M.O. 1779.

The later marks are explained by the French “census” protocol when new marks were introduced in 1798, 1809, 1819 and 1838. Dealers had a grace period of a few months to bring in their wares and have them marked with a special “census” mark, which exempted the articles from assay duty. After this grace period, any articles which were brought into commerce with out the most recent census mark were subject to full assay, duty and marking. It looks like your piece underwent this procedure twice; once at the Toulouse office, Haute-Garonne dept. 1809-1819 (which was dept. #34 during that period, not Indre) and again at the Avignon office, Vaucluse dept. (which was dept. #79 during that period).

Hope this helps!

[JayT]

Hello
To add to this excellent info, there have been a number of posts about the maker, Milleraud Bouty, which you can find by using the search function.
Regards.

[Adam.Jurek04]

Thank You for your very detailed answer! I have even found identical salers made by Milleraud Bouty in some antique shop.

With regards
Adam

[bijoux.expert]

New hallmarks were introduced each time that it was observed that fake hallmarks were becoming too prevalent. Hallmarking was a useful source of taxes for the government, and it got annoyed whenever more than half of all jewellery was bypassing the assay offices.
Each time new hallmarks were introduced, all existing stock held by jewellers was required to be brought into conformity with new census marks, or, after the short census period had passed, were marked with the current hallmarks..
The object in the post bears hallmarks from both 1809-1819 and 1819-1838, as well as the original 18th century hallmarks.