Carnet de bal

[amena]

Hello
I found this carnet de bal that has a slightly unusual punching. The silversmith's mark has all the characteristics of a French mark, while the guarantee mark is a mark of the Papal State in use from 1817 to 1860.


The marks are very small and it is very difficult to obtain a good image.
The silversmith's mark, in a lozenge, has as its first letter a V, in the center a Jerusalem cross that has four dots in place of the four small crosses, then another letter that looks like a P, but could be an F or something else. It cannot be deciphered with certainty even with a very powerful magnifying glass.
Can anyone identify it?
Thanks for attention
Amena

[bijoux.expert]

Although I do agree that the cross could be described as a Jerusalem cross, I can find no maker's mark starting with the letter V for that cross.
However, there is F Valanchon, a maker of rosaries, based in Ambert, Puy-de-Dôme, with the initials V F and a Maltese cross.

[amena]

Hello bijou.expert
Thank you for taking the time to help solve my puzzle.
I have not found any images of the Valanchon mark.
I have another doubt about the punching of this carnet de bal.
Is it normal that there is only the silversmith's mark and the French export mark is missing?
Thank you for your interest
Regards
Amena

[bijoux.expert]

In my experience, when no official assay mark is seen, there are three reasons. The most usual is that the object has not been examined carefully enough and that the mark is in fact there, though not immediately apparent. On your photo, I can see a mark in the top right-hand corner and another in the bottom left corner.
The second reason, is that the mark was in fact struck but is now too worn to be readily distinguished.
The final reason is that there is in fact no mark. This does sometimes happen, and is generally when the object was custom-made for a client and was then not marked either to save time or money. Some export articles were not marked, even though the marking was generally done for free, to save time or because the maker didn't want his export activity known to the tax authorities.

[amena]

Hi Bijou-expert
I am convinced that in this case it is the third hypothesis.
The mark you see on the top right is the diamond mark with the cross and four dots, the one on the bottom left is the guarantee mark of the Papal State, more precisely of the city of Bologna, where I found the carnet.
The same thing is repeated on the opposite side of the carnet.
The marks are very small but not worn, and even the gilding is still well preserved.
I think that when it comes to imported objects, the rules are interpreted quite freely.
Another example is in my post
Christofle import
Best regards
Amena