The information about Hartman provided in the booklet; Zilversmeden van de Stad Schoonhoven by S. A. C Begeer, E. Hak & L. Linhart-du Cloux, year 1981, is not correct. Begeer writes; Hartman, Hendrikus (also called Hermanus) District A no.165 ( Het Klooster 24, formerly Oranjestraat ) Works; small silverware, birds, ships, pepper pots, watch chains. Started 7/21/1874, died 6/9/1910. He was a silversmith servant at silversmith J. Willems- Waard and at J. Wendels. In 1876 he continued as a merchant in gold and silver until his death in 1908. (Begeer contradicts this and mentions a death date of 1910 and 1908). In fact Hermanus and Hendrikus are two different persons. Begeer thought they were one and the same person.
The Hartman genealogy should be re-written.
Hendrik Hartman, goldsmith servant by profession, born in 1813, married to Jannigje Huisman (born in 1813, died 8-04-1860), Hendrik was still a goldsmith's servant in the period 1847-1849. Around 1860 his profession was called goldsmith. On 11-5-1864 he married Anna Aaltje van Duuren and his profession was goldsmith. Hendrik Hartman worked as a silversmith servant, silversmith (without maker's mark) and in 1874 had a responsibility mark registered with the Waarborg. The responsibility mark; HH2, under the name of Hendrikus Hartman. I believe to be for; Hendrik Hartman, Hendrikus is a derivative of Hendrik.
In 1876 he stopped working as a silversmith and became a merchant/shopkeeper until his death. Hendrik Hartman died in 1888 aged 74, shopkeeper by trade.
NB; The profession of goldsmith, during the French occupation (1795-1813), had become a free/liberal profession. In 1798 the Dutch guilds, which existed for ages, were declared abolished but temporarily remained in existence as destroyed guilds until 1807. The old guilds and guilds rules were demolished. Introduction 1814 of the marks of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
However the law required a person, who made and/or traded in gold and silver objects, to have these objects inspected/assayed by the Assay office/Guarantee. In order to do so, this person first had to register a responsibility mark with the Assay office/Guarantee. To make a responsibility mark and to register required an amount of money. During economic headwinds, some silversmiths without their own responsibility mark, chose to work for a silversmith with a responsibility mark.
Hermanus Hartman was born on April 20, 1842. Son of Hendrikus Hartman and Jannigje Huisman. On March 6, 1866, Hermanus, 23 years old, goldsmith by trade, married Aartje den Ouden. Hermanus Hartman, has worked from about 1866 as a silversmith, without a maker's mark, in the workshop of silversmiths with a maker's mark. In 1889, Hermanus Hartman registered a maker's mark. HH sans serifs in a rectangle.
Hermanus Hartman passed away on June 1, 1910 at the age of 68, profession silversmith.
Antique silver trouser buttons Zeeland regional traditional costume Axel. Year letter Gothic X for 1907, responsibility mark of Hermanus Hartman, HH in rectangle.
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axelse_klederdracht
http://folkcostume.blogspot.com/2022/10 ... eeuws.html
Peter.
Photos courtesy of Kroone & Co Antieke Sieraden city Schagen
Source; Waarborgholland, ˜Netherlands' Responsibility Marks since 1797
Zilversmeden van de Stad Schoonhoven by S. A. C Begeer, E. Hak & L. Linhart-du Cloux
https://samh.nl/
https://www.openarch.nl/