Rubber in its natural state deteriorates rapidly. To strengthen its chemical bonds, rubber is first purified with acetic acid/formic acid and then vulcanized (cured). Vulcanization is a process in which highly reactive sulphur creates bridges that bind rubber molecules together. It is the high number of sulphur crosslinks that gives rubber its flexibility. Many chemicals are added to the process as accelerants and/or retardants.
The discovery of vulcanization is credited to Charles Goodyear in 1839; however, the scientific explanation of what actually happens during the process was not resolved until nearly 130 years later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_band
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization
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