In regard of dating the marks (there were several variants): MM initials with Mainz wheel and star was used roughly before 1900 because it cannot be found on Jugendstil jewelry and silverware; ``wheel and star`` mark without MM is seen instead.
Embossed roses (die stamped) are seen both in jewelry and hollowware are often erroneously described as Jugendstil because they lack typical Art Nouveau elements (wavy lines, very stylized floral and geometric elements ).The same goes for e.g. ``Art Nouveau brooch c. 1920`` description.
Regards
