Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks
• • •
Russian Hallmarks ~ Imperial Period ~ City Marks
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Russian Silver Marks Overview

Russian City Marks
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1733-1741


1747


1778


1780
1822



1866



1873
Moscow

The city used the double headed imperial eagle as its mark until 1741. In the years 1733-1741, the eagle marks included the city name "МОСКВА".
In 1741, the imperial eagle was replaced by St. George slaying the Dragon, variations on the theme were used until 1896.




city arms
Fyedor Fralov (silversmith)
Michael Karpinsky (assayer)
Moscow 1818

M. Dmitriyev (silversmith)
Andrei Kovalsky (assayer)
Moscow 1852

Konstantin Knyazyev (silversmith)
Viktor Savinkov (assayer)
Moscow 1884

Combined city & standard mark
used in the latter 19th cent.
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1700-1730


1730-1740


1746


1760
1815


1825


2nd H. 19th C.


late 19th.C
St. Petersburg

The city used the double headed imperial eagle as its mark until 1741. In the years 1700-1730, the eagle marks included the city initials "СП". In the years 1730-1740, the eagle marks included the city initials "СПБ".
In 1741, the imperial eagle was replaced by two anchors crossing a scepter, variations on the theme were used until 1896.




city arms
Fredrik Fresen (silversmith)
A. Yashnikov (assayer)
St. Petersburg c.1826

Gustav Akerblom (silversmith)
Edward Brandenburg (assayer)
St. Petersburg 1853

Matius Kiltsyelyeon (silversmith)
unidentified assayer (1877-91)
St. Petersburg 1881

Ivan Katorsky (silversmith)
unidentified assayer (1890-1896)
St. Petersburg 1852
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The following smaller Cities are listed alphabetically

c.1770


mid to late 19th cent.
Jaroslavl

A walking bear with a halberd in shoulder arms. In use from the mid 18th century, some early examples show the bear facing right.


city arms

Nicholai Druzhinin (silversmith)
unidentified assayer (1869-1889)
Jaroslavl 1883
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Jelgava / Elgava / Mitava
(Latvia)
Left facing elk used c.1850-c.1896



city arms
unidentified silversmith
unidentified assayer
Jelgava 1852

•

c.1825-c.1860


late 19th C.
Jitomir / Gitomir / Zhytomyr
(Ukraine)
Three towered castle with gate from c.1825, late examples do not show the gate.


city arms
•

18th - 19th C.


1879
Kaluga / Kalouga

Emperor’s Crown above a fess was adopted in the mid 19th century, earlier mark (not illustrated) was the imperial double headed eagle above "Г К"


city arms
Lev Vasiliyev (silversmith)
unidentified assayer (1871-1883)
Kaluga 1879

•
Kazan
(Tatarstan)
The Zilant, a mythical winged snake was used from the mid 18th century.


city arms
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Kiev
(Ukraine)
"Kiov" in oval or heart cartouche used in the 18th century. Variations of the Archangel Michael, wielding a flaming sword, were used 1778-1896.



city arms
unidentified silversmith
unidentified assayer (1894-1897)
Kiev 1896

unidentified silversmith
unidentified assayer (1894-1897)
Kiev 1894
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from c.1880


c.1880-c.1890
Kostroma
1. A sailing ship or galera. 2. A cross with a smaller cross to its upper left and a crescent moon to its lower right (not illustrated). Both marks seemed to have been used in both the 18th & 19th centuries.


city arms
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c.1870-1896
Minsk
(Belarus)
The double headed imperial eagle with crown, used from the mid 19th century. This mark is often confused with that of Warsaw.


russian arms
unidentified assayer
Minsk 1866


unidentified assayer (1847-1895)
Minsk 1878

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c.1850


c.1880
Odessa
(Ukraine)
An anchor topped by the double headed imperial eagle, used from the mid 19th century.


city arms
unidentified silversmith
Vasily Lapshin (assayer)
Odessa 1858


unidentified silversmith
unidentified assayer (1870-1880)
Odessa 1879

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late 19th C.


late19th C.
Rakvere / Wesenberg
(Estonia)



city arms
•

18th C.


19th C.
Riga
(Latvia)
The crossed keys were used in the 18th century, later a stylized version of the two towers was used.


city arms
•

1842-c.1920
Tallin / Revel / Kolivan
(Estonia)
Three lions used 1842-c.1920, previous mark was a cross in shield.


city arms detail
Leopold Michelsen (silversmith)
unidentified assayer (c.1859-1869)
Tallin 1859

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from 1862
Tartu / Yuryev / Dorpat
(Estonia)
Mark used in 17th/18th centuries was sword crossed with a key


city arms

unidentified silversmith
unidentified assayer (1862-?)
Tartu 1866

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Tobolsk
Early mark, used until c.1780. Tardy also shows this mark for Irkutsk.


Tyumen arms
•
Veliky Novgorod
Double headed imperial eagle was first used. From 1740, it changed to two bears flanking a throne with three candles and crossed sceptre & cross.


city arms
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from c.1845


late 19th C.
Vilnius / Vilna / Wilna
(Lithuania)
An armor clad, sword wielding knight on a horse galloping to left, used 1845-1896


county arms
S. Krumgalz (silversmith)
Timofye Tripitsky (assayer)
Vilnius 1866


S. Yarlevtsin (silversmith)
unidentified assayer
Vilnius 1894

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1852-1896


1852-1896
Warsaw / Warszawa
(Poland)
From 1852-1896, an Imperial Russian Assay office was functioning in Warsaw, the city mark was the Imperial Eagle. This mark is often confused with that of Minsk.


russian arms
Fryderyk Roever (silversmith)
Josef Sosnkowski (assayer)
Warsaw 1875


Josef Sosnkowski (assayer)
Warsaw 1883

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Sources
Russkoe yuvelirnoe iskusstvo, ego tsentry i mastera - M. M. Postnikova-Loseva; Nauka, 1974
Guide to Russian Silver Hallmarks - Paul L. Paulson; Paulson, 1976
Russian Gold and Silver - Alexander von Solodkoff; Trefoil Books, 1981
Russian Silver - Andrei Gilodo; Beresta Moscow, 1993
Znaki srebra do lat 40. dwudziestego wieku w Polsce - Sławomir Bołdok; Mako Press, 2005
Russian Silversmiths' Hallmarks; 1700 to 1917 - Geoffrey Watts; Gemini Publications, 2006
925-1000.com Silver Marks Forum - various member posts, 2005-2009
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French Hallmarks
Austrian Hallmarks
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Norwegian Makers
David-Andersen Marks
Georg Jensen Marks

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